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Ac2-26 （脂皮素-1/膜联蛋白质-1，N末段2-26多肽）

一个抗炎症的脂皮素-1/膜联蛋白质-1 衍生 肽
  • 被证实为内源行G蛋白藕联受体 FPRL2的亲合配基,
  • 可以结合 formylated peptide receptor (FPR).
  • 抑制抗原诱发的细胞增殖和细胞因子的合成。
  • 增强抗迁移的作用.
  • 保护实验性心脏缺血损伤或再灌注损伤
  • 保护实验性脊髓损伤.
  • 抑制垂体激素的释放。
Annexin-1 peptide Anx-1(2-26) protects adult rat cardiac myocytes from cellular injury induced by simulated ischaemia
 

The anti-inflammatory properties of annexin-1 peptides have been largely ascribed to their powerful antineutrophil actions in vivo. We have recently reported that the N-terminal fragment of annexin-1, Anx-1(2-26), preserves contractile function of cardiac muscle in vitro. The aim of the present study was to determine if Anx-1(2-26) elicits protective actions specifically on the cardiac myocyte (in the absence of neutrophils), using a model of metabolic inhibition to simulate ischaemia.Metabolic inhibition of cardiac myocytes (4 h incubation at 37 degrees C in HEPES-containing buffer supplemented with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D,L-lactic acid and pH adjusted to 6.5) followed by 2.5 h recovery in normal medium markedly increased creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels by 179+/-39 and 26+/-7 IU L(-1) (both n=40, P<0.001), respectively. However, cellular injury was significantly decreased when Anx-1(2-26) (0.3 muM) was present during metabolic inhibition, CK by 74+/-10% and LDH by 71+/-6% (both n=31, P<0.001), respectively.Boc 2 (10 muM), a nonselective formyl peptide receptor antagonist, present during metabolic inhibition, abolished the cardioprotective effect of Anx-1(2-26).Addition of chelerythrine (10 muM), 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 muM) or SB202190 (1 muM) during metabolic inhibition also abolished Anx-1(2-26)-induced cardioprotection.Cellular injury induced by metabolic inhibition was also largely prevented when myocytes were incubated with Anx-1(2-26) for 5 min with 10 min recovery prior to the insult, or when Anx-1(2-26) was present only during the recovery period following drug-free metabolic inhibition.In conclusion, the annexin-1 peptide Anx-1(2-26) potently prevents cardiac myocyte injury induced by metabolic inhibition, an action that was dependent at least in part on the activation of the formyl peptide receptor family of G-protein-coupled receptors, protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and ATP-sensitive potassium channels.British Journal of Pharmacology advance online publication, 11 April 2005; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706211.

Ritchie RH, et al. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 11; [Epub ahead of print]

Antibody for Annexin-1 Western Blot Analysis

Antibody for AC2-26 Immunohistochemistry

Annexin 1 and its receptors. This scheme highlights the current knowledge on the annexin system in different districts, with a focus on the receptors involved. In most cases, the biological actions of annexin 1 and its peptidomimetics are blocked by Boc2 and similar compounds, indicating a functional involvement of receptors of the FPR family. Use of genetically modified animals has permitted addressing the function of specific receptors of this family, often by default. FPR does not appear to mediate ANX-A1 actions in the pituitary and in the heart, as shown in the present study. Detailed analyses of the complex leukocyte-endothelium interaction process indicated a partial involvement of FPR. These findings may be exploited for developing ANX-A1 mimetics. Gavins F.N.E. et al. The FASEB Journal. 2005;19:100-102
Cardioprotective effect of peptide Ac2-26 in FPR KO mice. Mice were subjected to I/R and compound treatment as described for WT in Fig. 1. A) AAR. B) Myocardial infarct expressed as percentage of AAR. Data are means ± SE of n = 6 mice/group. *P < 0.05. Gavins F.N.E. et al. The FASEB Journal. 2005;19:100-102
Modulation of I/R-induced markers of local inflammation by peptide Ac2-26. Wild-type and FPR KO mice were subjected to I/R in the absence (PBS) or presence of peptide Ac2-26 (1 mg/kg i.v.) treatment immediately after reperfusion. A) Values for MPO activity expressed as number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). B) Micrograph of a representative section obtained from a wild-type mouse at the end of I/R, in which bloodborne leukocytes are visible both in the vessel (v) and in the perivascular tissue (arrow). C) In the tissues treated with peptide Ac2-26, leukocytes were more restrained within the myocardial vessel (v). Bar, 10 μm. D) Values for tissue content of the CXC chemokine KC. Data are mean ± SE, n = 6 mice/group. #P < 0.05 vs. sham and *P < 0.05 vs. PBS treatment. Gavins F.N.E. et al. The FASEB Journal. 2005;19:100-102
Molecular and functional analysis for ALX. A) Hearts were removed from WT and FPR KO mice and analyzed for genomic FPR and ALX expression (left panel) or for mRNA for each receptor by RT-PCR (right panel, WT only). The latter analysis was repeated on hearts collected at the end of the I/R procedure. B) Cumulative densitometric analysis of heart samples collected from three mice for ALX mRNA expression. C) Selective ALX agonist W peptide (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-met) immediately after LADCA reopening in WT or FPR KO mice. Data are mean ± SE, n = 6 mice/group; *P < 0.05 vs. vehicle (dose 0). Gavins F.N.E. et al. The FASEB Journal. 2005;19:100-102
Ac2-26

Immunocytochemistry for ANXA1 in cardiomyocytes and extravasated neutrophils. Electron micrograph of a heart tissue stained with a polyclonal sheep serum raised against the specific ANXA1 NH2 terminus. a, b) Cardiomyocyte and neutrophil of sham-operated rats, respectively, show some immunoreactivity throughout the cytosol (arrowheads) and nucleus (arrows). c, d) After 2 h reperfusion, a greater proportion of ANXA1 immunoreactivity is detected in cardiomyocyte (cytosol, arrowheads; nucleus, arrows) and extravasated neutrophil. e, f) Absence of gold labeling in sections incubated with control nonimmune sheep serum as seen in cardiomyocytes and neutrophil, respectively. Pictures are representative of three distinct preparations. Bars = 1 μm in all panels. MYLINH LA et al., The FASEB Journal. 2001;15:2247-2256

FIGURE 1. Directional migration of human peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes. A, Chemotactic activity of the annexin 1 peptide Ac1-25 for human granulocytes and monocytes. Migration of granulocytes () or monocytes (f) in response to different peptide concentrations is presented as the average chemotaxis indexSEM of triplicate wells. , p0.05, , p  0.01. B, The annexin 1 peptide Ac1-25 alters neutrophil morphology and F-actin distribution. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining of F-actin in unstimulated granulocytes (a) or cells treated with 50 M Ac1-25 for 2 min (b) or 5 min (c). Cells were fixed following treatment and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Note that Ac1-25 causes remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, and spreading. Bar represents 10 m. .01. Ernst S, et al. An annexin 1 N-terminal Peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl Peptide receptor family. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 15;172(12):7669-76
FIGURE 2. Dose-response curves of intracellular Ca2 mobilization in monocytes. Monocytes loaded with fura 2-AM were stimulated with increasing concentrations of the fMLP analog NfNleLFNleYK (A), fMLP (B), WKYMVM (C) or Ac1-25 (D). Fluorescence ratios of representative recordings are presented. Arrows indicate agonist addition. .01. Ernst S, et al. An annexin 1 N-terminal Peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl Peptide receptor family. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 15;172(12):7669-76
FIGURE 7. Annexin 1 can use all members of the FPR family to induce chemotaxis. Various concentrations of chemoattractant were added in the lower wells of a chemotaxis chamber. HEK 293 cells stably expressing FPR, FPRL1, or FPRL2, respectively (106 cells/ml), were placed in the upper wells. Following incubation the number of cells that had migrated toward the chemoattractant source was determined as described in Materials and Methods. Cell migration is expressed as the average chemotaxis index (mean  SEM) of six wells. A, Migration of FPR-293 cells in response to Ac1-25 or the fMLP analog NfNleLFNleYK is shown. B, The migration of FPRL1-293 cells in response to Ac1-25 or fMLP and (C) migration of FPRL2-293 cells in response to Ac1-25 or the synthetic peptide WKYMVM. , p  0.05, , p  0 .01. Ernst S, et al. An annexin 1 N-terminal Peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl Peptide receptor family. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 15;172(12):7669-76
 
 
     
Product Name
 Catalog No. Quantity Price (USD)
Ac2-12
072-14 100 ug 110.00
Ac2-26
 072-13 100 ug 150.00

AC2-26 (Human) Antibody

H-072-13 50 ul 450.00

AC2-26 (Human) Purified IgG

G-072-13 200ug 450.00

AC2-26 (Human) Purified IgG, FAM labeled

FG-G-072-13 100ul 500.00

AC2-26 (Human) Purified IgG, R-PE labeled

FRP-G-072-13 100ul 500.00

AC2-26 (Human) Purified IgG, Cy3 labeled

FC3-G-072-13 100ul 500.00

AC2-26 (Human) Purified IgG, Biotin labeled

B-G-072-13 100ul 500.00
 References:
  1. Kamal A.M., et al. An annexin 1 (ANXA-1)-derived peptide inhibits prototype antigen-deriven human T cell Th1 and Th2 responses in vitro. Clin. Exp. Allergy   31, 1116-1125 (2001)
  2. Perretti M., et al. Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics. Am.  J. Pathol. 158, 1969-1973 (2001)
  3.  La M, et al. Annexin 1 peptides protect against experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: analysis of their mechanism of action. FASEB J. 15, 2247-2256 (2001)
  4. Ernst S, et al. An annexin 1 N-terminal Peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl Peptide receptor family. J Immunol. 2004 Jun 15;172(12):7669-76
  5. Click here for more references


Cardioprotective actions of an N-terminal fragment of annexin-1 in rat myocardium in vitro
We have previously shown that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone prevents the cardiodepressant actions of interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide in cardiac tissue in vitro. We now demonstrate that an N-terminal fragment of annexin-1 (Ac2-26, 1 microM), a putative mediator of glucocorticoid actions, completely protects against interferon-gamma+lipopolysaccharide-induced depression of the inotropic response to isoprenaline in rat isolated papillary muscles. However, Ac2-26 does not preserve resting contractile function. Fifteen hours incubation with interferon-gamma+lipopolysaccharide also markedly induced mRNA expression (by real time polymerase chain reaction, PCR) of both the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) isoform of nitric oxide synthase (by 6.7 +/- 1.7-fold, P < 0.01) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (by 3.4 +/- 0.6-fold, P < 0.05) in cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with Ac2-26 (1 microM) prevented the induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNA, but not NOS2 mRNA, whereas dexamethasone (1 microM) suppressed the expression of both NOS2 mRNA and cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNA. Co-incubation of dexamethasone with an anti-annexin-1 antibody did not attenuate the suppression of NOS2 mRNA. Thus, Ac2-26 reproduces some, but not all, of the cardioprotective effects of glucocorticoids in vitro in the absence of neutrophils. These protective actions are independent of changes in NOS2 expression.
Ritchie RH, Sun X, Bilszta JL, Gulluyan LM, Dusting GJ. Eur J Pharmacol 2003 Feb 14;461(2-3):171-9

Annexin 1 peptides protect against experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: analysis of their mechanism of action
Myocardial reperfusion injury is associated with the infiltration of blood-borne polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We have previous described the protection afforded by annexin 1 (ANXA1) in an experimental model of rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We examined the 1) amino acid region of ANXA1 that retained the protective effect in a model of rat heart IR; 2) changes in endogenous ANXA1 in relation to the IR induced damage and after pharmacological modulation; and 3) potential involvement of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) in the protective action displayed by ANXA1 peptides. Administration of peptide Ac2-26 at 0, 30, and 60 min postreperfusion produced a significant protection against IR injury, and this was associated with reduced myeloperoxidase activity and IL-1beta levels in the infarcted heart. Western blotting and electron microscopy analyses showed that IR heart had increased ANXA1 expression in the injured tissue, associated mainly with the infiltrated leukocytes. Finally, an antagonist to the FPR receptor selectively inhibited the protective action of peptide ANXA1 and its derived peptides against IR injury. Altogether, these data provide further insight into the protective effect of ANXA1 and its mimetics and a rationale for a clinical use for drugs developed from this line of research.
La M, et al. FASEB J 2001 Oct;15(12):2247-56

Effects of ANXA1-derived peptides on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were treated i.v. with saline (1 ml/kg), peptide Ac2?6 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg), peptide Ac2?2 (1 mg/kg), scramble Ac2?2 (S, 1 mg/kg), or peptide Ac2? (1 mg/kg) at the end of the 25 min ischemic period. Tissues were analyzed 2 h after reperfusion; the area at risk (A), infarct size/area at risk (B), infarct size/left ventricle (C) were determined as described in Materials and Methods. A group of sham-operated animals (sham) was also evaluated. Data are means ?SE of n = 5?4 rats per group. #P < 0.05 vs. sham and *P < 0.05 vs. saline treatment. La M, et al. FASEB J 2001 Oct;15(12):2247-56
Boc2 reversed the cardioprotective actions of ANXA1 and its NH2 terminus peptides. The effect of peptide Ac2?6 (0.5 mg/kg) and ANXA1 (25 礸/kg) administered alone or together with 0.4 mg/kg Boc2. Drugs were administered 25 min after ischemia and tissues were analyzed 2 h after reperfusion; the area at risk (A), infarct size/area at risk (B), and infarct size/left ventricle (C) were determined as described in Materials and Methods. Data are means ?SE of n = 5 rats per group. *P < 0.05 vs. saline treatment. La M, et al. FASEB J 2001 Oct;15(12):2247-56

Expression of endogenous ANXA1 in myocardial samples. A) Western blot analysis of endogenous ANXA1 expression in sham (S), naive (N) animals, and those subjected to IR treated with either saline (C) or 1 mg/kg peptide Ac2?6 (P). B) Densitometric analysis for ANXA1 37 and 34 kDa isoforms. Values are mean ?SE of n = 5? rats per group. *P < 0.01 vs. sham treatment; #P < 0.01 vs. saline group. La M, et al. FASEB J 2001 Oct;15(12):2247-56

Time course of peptide Ac2-26 cardioprotective effect. Rats were given peptide Ac2?6 (1 mg/kg i.v.) immediately after the start of reperfusion (time 0), 30, and 60 min after reperfusion, and tissue was collected at 120 min to determine the infarct size/area at risk value as described in Materials and Methods. Infarct size was significantly reduced at all times vs. control (IS/AR value=55?%, n=6). Data are mean ?SE of n = 4? rats per group. *P < 0.05 vs. control. La M, et al. FASEB J 2001 Oct;15(12):2247-56

 Ac2-26 (Annexin 1-derived peptide) Related Products

 

Using flow cytometry to measure fluorescein labeled peptide binding sites (formylated peptide receptor (FPR)) on plasma membrane 

A 4 癈 equilibrium ligand binding assay,  was used to determine the number of N-formyl peptide receptors on the plasma membrane surface. N-formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-norleucyl-tyrosyl-lysine-fluorescein (FNLPNTL-FL) stocks were made in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and were diluted to a final concentration of less than 0.01% Me2SO for each assay.

Samples were equilibrated for 1 h at 4 癈 in the dark, then a flow cytometer (FACScan, Becton-Dickinson), calibrated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled beads (Quantum 24, Flow Cytometry Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC), was used to quantify fluorescence binding per cell. Neutrophils were gated based on forward and side scatter parameters.

Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 3 ?nbsp;10-5 M F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and subtracted from total binding to give specific binding. Two lots of calibration beads were utilized during the course of this study. When the second lot was received, it was checked against the first lot, and both sets gave the same slope for fluorescence mean channel number versus fluorescein equivalents listed by the manufacturer. Thus the standards were internally consistent and stable over the course of the experiments.

In addition, one fluorescent bead standard from one lot was calibrated by comparison with known concentrations of fluorescein and found to be within 6% of the value reported by the manufacturer. Sensitivity analysis showed that this small a difference in determination of Rs had no effect on calculation of the binding rate constants, and the nominal values for fluorescein equivalents per bead provided by the manufacturer were used for converting mean channel number to fluorescein equivalents per cell. Data for specific binding in fluorescein equivalents were converted to FNLPNTL-FL number per cell using a conversion factor of 1.22 FNLPNTL-FL equivalents/fluorescein equivalent. Nonlinear regression of FNLPNTL-FL bound/cell versus free ligand using the equilibrium solution of Reaction I yielded the total number of receptors on the cell surface (Rs) and the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd).
We note that for a two-state interconverting receptor model, an equilibrium binding curve may yield a Kd that is intermediate to the Kd values of the individual species, but the maximum number of receptors will be unchanged. 

Julie F. Hoffman and Jennifer J. Linderman. Receptor Up-regulation, Internalization, and Interconverting Receptor States---CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF A QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF N-FORMYL PEPTIDE-RECEPTOR DYNAMICS IN THE NEUTROPHIL. JBC,Volume 271, Number 31, Issue of August 2, 1996 pp. 18394-18404

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